Abrasives
The abrasives in grinding stones are identified with a letter. Aluminium oxide and silicon carbide are mostly used as abrasives. High quality corundum (AI2O3) and silicon carbide are used in ATEN grinding stones.
•Aluminium oxides (AI2O3) are manufactured in different purity levels. They contain Normal Corundum (NK or A) -96% AI2O3. They are recommended for grinding steels, high strength aluminium and bronze alloys. They are brown in colour. They contain white and red aluminium oxide (EKW,EKR) -99-99,5 %AI2O3. They are generally recommended for grinding steel tools, special steels and hardened steel.
•Silicon carbide (SiC,Scg)- Silicon carbide is harder than aluminium oxide. They are recommended particularly for grinding soft metals such as aluminium, pig iron, glass, stone and marble and in certain cases for very hard materials such as tungsten carbide. Silicon carbide is provided in two types, namely black (SiC or C) and green (Scg).
Grit Size
Grit size of stones is indicated with a number. These numbers refer to mesh sizes. For example, grit size 46 means that the screen has 46 open meshes in a diameter of one inch. Thus the grit size is 1/46 inches in diameter. The surface quality to be achieved mostly depends on grit size. The grade of the stone, the bonding material that is used, grinding speed and several other factors also affect the surface quality.
Surface quality μ inch.
35
15
11
8
4
Grit size
60
80
120
180
280
Grade of the stone
The grade of the stone is indicated with a letter of the alphabet. The grade increases from “H” to “Z”. The grade of the stone does not indicate the hardness of the abrasive but the strength of the bonding material to bond the abrasive grains. The variations in the properties of the stones are provided here below.
-Soft stones have good cutting properties. Abrasive grains leave the stone without losing their cutting properties and are replaced by others. The service life of this type of stones is short.
-Hard stones do not have good cutting properties. The abrasive grains are held in place for a long time by the bond and thus they get blunt gradually and since the grains cannot renew themselves easily the cutting property is reduced but the service life of the stone is extended.
-The most appropriate grade may be found as a result of trial. It is also possible to improve the properties of the stone by using appropriate bonds.
Structure
Another important feature of grinding stones is the density or aperture of the abrasive grains within the stone. High density refers to a close structure and is indicated with small numbers (4,5,6,7,8). Such a stone is considered dense. High numbers indicate stones with an open structure (9,10,11,12) which are considered less dense. The most important function of the structure of a stone is to create available space to remove the shavings that are created during the grinding operation from the medium. If the stone contacts the work piece at a large area then an open structure is required.
Bond
Bond is the material holding the abrasive grains on the grinding stone. The character of a grinding stone depends not only on its grade but mostly on the type of the bond used.
- Ceramic bond (V or ke)
Tool grinding
Surface grinding, piston rings
Form grinding
Crank grinding stones
Honing stones
Shaft mounted stones
- Resin Bond (Ba)
Fine grinding, Coarse grinding
Cutting stones, reinforced stones
Flex stones
- Rubber bond (R)
Driving stones for centerless grinding
Precision grinding
The fields of use of these different bonds are not limited to those mentioned here above. Different bonds may be used in different fields to find the best solution.
Standard wheel shapes
ATEN A.Ş. is capable of manufacturing wheels in any shape as requested.
Standard side profiles
The side profiles that comply with both the ISO and the TSE norms are provided in the adjacent diagram. Please communicate your requests for special profiles to us with a diagram.
TECHNICAL 
